你可能很懂理財,也可能一竅不通。以下的10個理財觀念,對任何人都可適用,掌握這些原則與方法,幫你作出正確的理財抉擇。
1. 看財經局勢,做趨勢計畫
2.不要只為了賺錢而投資
3.用情緒理財是最失敗的策略
趙夫子
2014/02/21
How to make sure you won't end up broke in your later years
By REBECCA LAKE
Updated Oct 30, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Retiring ahead of schedule may seem like a dream, but it is doable with the proper planning. Depending on when you were born, the normal retirement age is currently 66 or 67. If you’re planning to retire five, 10, or even 15 years early, one of the most important things to consider is how to make your savings last for the long haul.
There are several things, in particular, that you need to look at to make sure retiring early won’t leave you shortchanged in your later years.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Create a Realistic Budget
The first step in managing your savings in early retirement is being realistic about your budget. The money you’ve stashed away has to last beyond the typical 20 to 30 years that it would if you were retiring in your mid-60s. Figuring out how much you can reasonably afford to spend each year depends on what you’ve saved, your life expectancy, and what you anticipate your expenses will be.
Scott A. Bishop, CPA, PFS, CFP®, partner and executive vice president of financial planning of STA Wealth Management in Houston, Texas, puts it this way:
How much annual income will you need in retirement? If you aren’t able to answer this question, you’re not ready to make a decision about retiring. And, if it’s been more than a year since you’ve thought about it, it’s time to revisit your calculations. Your whole retirement income plan starts with your target annual income, and there are a significant number of factors to consider; so it is important to actually take the time to create a good retirement budget.
How Early Retirement Impacts the 4% Rule
The 4% rule has long been the baseline for determining your withdrawal rate. This rule dictates that you withdraw 4% of your savings the first year in retirement, then withdraw that same amount, adjusted for inflation, going forward. Theoretically, drawing down your nest egg at that rate should allow it to last for 30 years.
When you need your savings to last an extra decade or longer, however, the 4% rule may not be realistic. Instead, you may need to consider dropping your withdrawal rate to 3.5% or 3%. For example, let’s say you retire at 50 with $1.5 million saved, and you choose a moderate asset allocation. If you live another 40 years, your initial withdrawal rate would be 3.2%, allowing for an initial monthly distribution of $4,000. If you waited until 55 to retire, those numbers would adjust to 3.4% and $4,250, respectively. If you run the numbers and your estimated withdrawals aren’t going to be enough to cover your expenses, you’ll either need to find a way to lower your cost of living or push back your early retirement date so that your income aligns with your spending.
Knowing how much you have to work with on a monthly and yearly basis can help you tweak your budget.
Plan Ahead for Medical Costs
Seniors are eligible to sign up for Medicare coverage beginning in the three months before they reach age 65. If you retire before that, you’re responsible for maintaining your health insurance until Medicare kicks in. The costs may be low if you’re relatively healthy and all you’re paying is the monthly premium, but out-of-pocket costs can skyrocket if you develop a serious health problem.
A 65-year-old couple retiring in 2019 will need to save $285,000 to cover healthcare costs over their remaining lifetime, according to Fidelity Investments. Costs continue to rise, which means a 55-year-old couple retiring in 2019 can expect to spend more and for longer.
Putting money in a Health Savings Account (HSA) while you’re still working is one way to prepare for future medical expenses if you’re planning to retire early. “Working people should, if possible, make tax-deductible contributions to their HSAs and let the money grow tax-free. Invest the money in the stock market,” says Louis Kokernak CFA, CFP, owner of Haven Financial Advisors, Austin, Texas.
Withdrawals are tax-free if they’re used for healthcare expenses, and once you turn 65, you can pull money out of an HSA for any reason without a penalty. You will, however, still pay taxes on the distribution. You may also want to think about investing in long-term care insurance, which would keep you from having to spend down your assets to qualify for Medicaid if you need nursing home care later on.
Wait to Take Social Security Payments
As mentioned earlier, full retirement age is 66 or 67 if you were born in 1943 or later, but you can begin taking Social Security benefits as early as 62. That may be tempting if you’re worried that your savings may run thin in early retirement, but there’s a catch. Taking Social Security early diminishes the number of benefits you receive. Conversely, waiting longer to apply increases your benefit amount.
The average retirement age in the U.S., according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
If your full retirement age is 67, for example, but you start taking Social Security at 62, you would receive a permanently reduced benefit. If you wait until age 70, however, your benefit will increase 8% for every year you wait.
If you’re retiring early, taking benefits at 62 might help your savings go further, but you will get more money if you can afford to put it off. Doing the math on applying earlier or later makes it easier to decide when the best time to take benefits would be.
The Bottom Line
Making early retirement a success means looking at the financial aspects of it from a slightly different perspective. The longer your retirement outlook is, the more important it is to have a roadmap for how you’ll spend what you have saved.
“A pre-retirement checklist requires a detailed spending plan or you will most likely outlive your savings,” says Eric Flaten, founder and senior advisor, ePersonal Financial, Bellevue, Wash. “Track your expenses online using an expense tracking tool. This places your daily spending literally at your fingertips with any smartphone or tablet.”
Paring down your budget, factoring in medical care costs, and delaying Social Security benefits can all help keep you from going broke.
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富人與窮人的時間觀
窮人為錢工作,富人讓錢為他們工作;
窮人管理金錢,富人卻善於管理時間;
富人時間不夠用,窮人不知如何殺時間。
時間在窮人手上變得一文不值,在富人手裡卻變得價值連城,
因此,窮人將會更窮,而富人也將更富。
為什麼每個人擁有的時間都一樣,但成就卻大不相同呢?你通常是花錢買時間還是賣時間賺錢?有人開車繞了半小時只為了找一個免費車位,有人花錢找人辦事讓自己可以做別的更重要的事。當時間不再只是度量衡而是有行有市可以買賣,你的時間值多少錢,你願意用多少錢買別人的時間,未來會有交易所,請先標好你的定價。
會管理時間就會管理金錢也會管理自己的人生,讓人生更精彩的關鍵就在於同樣的時間內透過規劃、分工可以做更多的事情,讓家庭、事業、婚姻、健康都能兼顧。
千萬不要讓遲到、懶惰,這些小事浪費在您寶貴時間上。
十個理財重要觀念
你可能很懂理財,也可能一竅不通。以下的10個理財觀念,對任何人都可適用,掌握這些原則與方法,幫你作出正確的理財抉擇。
1. 看財經局勢,做趨勢計畫