教会と国家の間に生きる女性たち : 現代中国農村社会におけるカトリック修道女の事例からWomen living between the Church and the State : A Case Study of Catholic Women Religious in Contemporary Rural China宗教と社会宗教と社会 9(0), 133-152, 2003 「宗教と社会」学会 本稿は現代中国農村におけるカトリック修道女の宗教実践と社会関係に注目し、ジェンダーをはじめとする経済状況、地域、階級など複数の要素が絡み合うキリスト教の現状と役割を考察する。
その際、西洋教会と中国政府という中国教会の外部にあって影響力をもつ宗教ならびに政治機関と修道女との関係、および教会内部における神父と修道女との関係について分析する。さらに、キリスト教と中国社会のジェンダー・システムの相互作用が修道女のジェンダー・アイデンティティと宗教実践に影響を与えていることを明らかにする。
教会におけるジェンダー関係はさまざまな社会関係において不断に交渉され、再構築されているのである。
The purpose of this thesis is to understand the current situation of Christianity in contemporary China, and to make clear the interaction of the gender system between Christianity and Chinese society through a case study of Catholic women religious in S Province in North West China. Previous studies on gender and Christianity in China have been textual-centered and elite-oriented. Moreover, they have taken for granted a singular female status and a singular gender ideology in one society. In this thesis, I propose the perspective of viewing gender relations as constantly reconstituted and readjusted. I give some concrete cases in the everyday life to investigate the power relationship between the Chinese sisters and the Western Church, the sisters and the State, as well as the sisters and the priests. Regarding the relationship between the Chinese sisters and the Western Church, it is evident that the sisters find the roots of their faith in the rural society. Considering the relationship between the sisters and the State, because of the limits placed on female authority in the Church, the sisters have obtained more freedom and time to exercise their power not confined within the Church, but in the wider context of the rural society. The relationship between the sisters and the priests are explored in three dimensions-their economic life, their role of mother and the vow of obedience. Though the sisters have shown a passive dimension that leads them to subordinate themselves to this gendered system, it would be too hasty, however, to infer the male dominance in the Church, as many cases demonstrate the women as active agents and subjects. It is clear that the gender role of the women religious is in a process of constant negotiation and constitution. It is hardly possible to make such a statement as, "the status of the Catholic women religious is low (or high)." For the rural women religious in S province, their status changes according to the contexts: their relations with the State, with the Chinese society and with the priests, as well as with the local Catholics.
本稿は現代中国農村におけるカトリック修道女の宗教実践と社会関係に注目し、ジェンダーをはじめとする経済状況、地域、階級など複数の要素が絡み合うキリスト教の現状と役割を考察する。
その際、西洋教会と中国政府という中国教会の外部にあって影響力をもつ宗教ならびに政治機関と修道女との関係、および教会内部における神父と修道女との関係について分析する。さらに、キリスト教と中国社会のジェンダー・システムの相互作用が修道女のジェンダー・アイデンティティと宗教実践に影響を与えていることを明らかにする。
教会におけるジェンダー関係はさまざまな社会関係において不断に交渉され、再構築されているのである。
The purpose of this thesis is to understand the current situation of Christianity in contemporary China, and to make clear the interaction of the gender system between Christianity and Chinese society through a case study of Catholic women religious in S Province in North West China. Previous studies on gender and Christianity in China have been textual-centered and elite-oriented. Moreover, they have taken for granted a singular female status and a singular gender ideology in one society. In this thesis, I propose the perspective of viewing gender relations as constantly reconstituted and readjusted. I give some concrete cases in the everyday life to investigate the power relationship between the Chinese sisters and the Western Church, the sisters and the State, as well as the sisters and the priests. Regarding the relationship between the Chinese sisters and the Western Church, it is evident that the sisters find the roots of their faith in the rural society. Considering the relationship between the sisters and the State, because of the limits placed on female authority in the Church, the sisters have obtained more freedom and time to exercise their power not confined within the Church, but in the wider context of the rural society. The relationship between the sisters and the priests are explored in three dimensions-their economic life, their role of mother and the vow of obedience. Though the sisters have shown a passive dimension that leads them to subordinate themselves to this gendered system, it would be too hasty, however, to infer the male dominance in the Church, as many cases demonstrate the women as active agents and subjects. It is clear that the gender role of the women religious is in a process of constant negotiation and constitution. It is hardly possible to make such a statement as, "the status of the Catholic women religious is low (or high)." For the rural women religious in S province, their status changes according to the contexts: their relations with the State, with the Chinese society and with the priests, as well as with the local Catholics.
収録刊行物
- 宗教と社会
- 宗教と社会